Beschreibung der Beschaffung
The provision and protection of Global Public Goods (GPGs) is key for sustainable development, long-term prosperity and enables secure, free and open societies. However, due to today"s interconnected markets and societies, negative cross-border externalities in the form of "global public bads" such as climate change, conflict & violence, pandemics, unfair trade or unstable financial systems can significantly hamper well-being on a global scale.
The relevance of GPGs has been drastically brought (back) to our minds with the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. Consequently, endeavors to build back better or recover forward after the pandemic must pivotally entail the provision and protection of GPGs, as a fundamental contribution to prevent further global crises and ensure a better future for people and planet. Simultaneously, the threat of a global climate change crisis and biodiversity collapse is accelerating. Put differently, these health, economic, social, climate change and biodiversity crises are global public bads that are interconnected and hence, require globally-coordinated action. Incentivizing crisis preparedness and prevention in light of cross-border effects of fragile states and bad governance are, hence, increasingly in the focus of development cooperation.
The GIZ Sector Project "Multilateral Development Banks for Global Public Goods" advises the German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) divisions 403 "World Bank Group, International Monetary Fund and Debt Relief" and 404 "Regional Development Banks". As such, it supports the BMZ and Germany, as one of the largest MDB shareholders, in articulating a development policy perspective on the protection and provision of GPGs, which in turn feeds into the German government"s positioning in multilateral fora, including the Executive Director Offices at relevant MDBs. The studies intend to provide the BMZ with scientifically-based analyses on the provision and protection of GPGs to feed into the work conducted at the World Bank Group and the regional Multilateral Development Banks. The studies should therefore develop recommendations for specific changes in the MDBs" institutional set-up and organizational practices, as well as deliver background information to be used as inputs for the communication with MDBs and wider civil society.
Overall 5 studies are supposed to be conducted:
1. Institutional models for the provision and protection of GPGs in MDBs
The study aims to provide a basis for the assessment of comparative advantages of MDBs (and UN institutions) and development of institutional models for the provision and protection of GPGs via the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) (and - where more adequate and capable - the wider UN System). The study shall support the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) in its strategic positioning to foster such models at the MDBs.
2. Best Practices in the provision of GPGs by MDBs
The WBG"s role as Knowledge Bank aims to scale-up what works in providing GPGs within the country-based model and identify, collect, and disseminate Best Practices for future pipelines. To strengthen these approaches the study aims to analyze how Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) (and potentially UN organizations that can be more adequate and capable in some GPG provision areas) can support scalability and replicability of identified measures (Best Practices) for an effective GPG provision as well as to showcase success factors and obstacles in financing and regulating GPGs. To achieve many of the development goals set by global agendas such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals or the Paris Agreement, examining GPGs is indispensable. Solutions to global challenges require collective action, particularly when it comes to the protection and provision of GPGs, which have cross-border effects that can strengthen or undermine development outcomes. MDBs and the multilateral system as a whole play a crucial role to not only raise awareness for GPGs, but also work on ways to operationalize GPGs through their work.
3. Quantifying economic benefits of GPGs
The country-based model of Multilateral Development Banks (MDB) does not adequately ensure a sufficient provision of global public goods (GPGs). The study intends to serve as a basis for supporting the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) in its strategic positioning in this regard. In order to institutionalize the financing of provision of GPGs and incorporate this in the MDBs" business model, a rigorous quantification methodology is needed in order to be able to price their provision, build on criteria to prioritize interventions and establish operational and financial incentives for regional and global externalities to maximize global impact.
4. Dissemination of international standards for the provision of GPGs
Identifying and evaluating different approaches how to disseminate standards for the provision of GPGs through international regimes and/or benchmarks in trade relations. Economic and political institutions need to be adjusted accordingly in order to mobilize the private sector for the needed transformations, while at the same time ensure just transitions.
5. Recommendations for the BMZ on how to integrate GPG considerations in development cooperation
GPGs can reasonably justify the continued development cooperation with partner countries (global partners), particularly UMICs with relevance for GPGs. At the same time such justification might clash with prerequisites of German development cooperation, like human rights or good governance. In these cases, the BMZ must consider if development cooperation in the interest of international externalities of a certain GPG is required and justifiable and can be linked to support national and local development goals, or if in the interest of local interests and development impacts cooperation must be terminated.